Filter can be a noun or verb -

we usually use the verb form, as in

"The solution was filtered by gravity."

not " The solution was filtrated...."

in the noun form it refers to the apparatus which does the

filtering, like a gasoline filter or oil filter

e.g., "After vacuum filtration a yellow crystalline

solid remained on the filter.")

Filtrate is used as a noun (and not a verb, as it is sometimes used in

non-technical writing). It refers to the solution or liquid that passes through the filter.

"Upon removal of the solids, the filtrate was a clear yellow liquid."

Filtration is a noun - the process of filtering.

"I performed a gravity filtration." (here performed is the verb)

"A Buchner vacuum filtration apparatus was set up."

Weight is a noun:

"The weight of the product is 5g."

not "I weighted the product to be 5g."

Weigh (weighed) is a verb:

"I weighed the sample immediately..."

"We will weigh the product..."

not "The product weigh is 5g..."

Spectrum is a noun which applies to a plot of the distribution of different energies (or frequencies) of (typically) electromagnetic radiation. It is the output of a form of spectroscopy such as IR or NMR. The plural form of spectrum is spectra. Spectra are recorded using a spectrometer.

Chromatogram is also a noun. It applies to a graphic representation of the chromatographic separation of a mixture. The output of a GC is a gas chromatogram. The instrument which is used is a chromatograph.